In this last post of the small series we will see how we can load the syntax of a DSL in C# and then feed it with an input text that we need to be parsed. In this post we have already described how to write the DSL syntax and in this post we have seen how to decorate it with productions.

So following the process described in those posts we end up with a file containing the description of the syntax of our DSL, along with its productions (eg the file Renting_en.mg available for download in the zip file provided at the end of this post).

We open Visual Studio 2010 and create a new console application. We add two new references to the project (System.Dataflow and Microsoft.M).

First, we load the file that contains the syntax of the DSL grammar and create some sort of “compiler” with it:

Stream mgStream = File.OpenRead(@"<Path to file>\Renting_en.mg");

CompilationResults Compilation = Compiler.Compile(new CompilerOptions

{

   Sources ={new TextItem

             {

                 Name="RentGrammar",

                 Reader = new StreamReader(mgStream),

                 ContentType = TextItemType.MGrammar

             }

            }

});

Then we will create the parser for our DSL language:

Parser theParser = Compilation.ParserFactories["Renting.RentLanguage"].Create();

theParser.GraphBuilder = new NodeGraphBuilder();

Note that the name of the language “Renging.RentLanguage” is exactly the same with the one defined within the .mg file.

The only thing left is parsing the input text in the file “Charges_en.txt” and dumping the result to the Console. You will see that you will get all the productions as specified in the DSL grammar.

Node root = (Node)theParser.Parse(@"<Path to file>\Charges_en.txt", null);            

Console.Write(root.WriteToString());

From this point you can explore the root object and get whatever you like from the production tree created. This post concludes the small introduction to the M language. If you would like more on M feel free to contact me. The solution along with the parser and the demo input language file can be downloaded

here

In the previous post we have covered the basics of the M language concerning the development of a Domain Specific Language (DSL). In this post we will extent the syntax of the described DSL by adding attributes and production rules.

On feature that is kinda interesting is the ability to use attributes to define syntax highliting to the left panel of Intellipad (where your input text appears). Those attributes decorate the tokens of the syntax and are introduced by the @{Classification["Keyword"]} , @{Classification["String"]} etc attributes.

Up to this point, we have written the syntax of the DSL and used Intellipad to verify that a demo input text is recognized as we would expect (see this post ). Then we have used attributes to provide syntax highlighting. Take for example the following snapshot of a successful parsing of the input renting scenario:

(Note the syntax highlighting on the left panel)

So your requirements guy can start writing his renting rules in Notepad, while you need to figure out a way to persist them in the database or on the fly calculate how much somebody should pay for an item by a renting scenario that will be written in the future. By specifying the DSL syntax, you have made the first step.  Next step is to produce, when parsing the input text, something more meaningful rather than the recognized literal you see on the right hand side of Intellipad.

To achieve this you need to decorate your syntax with “production rules”. Those rules are usually interpreted as: “when you match this syntax, instead of the usual output, produce this”. For example:

In red, I have highlighted aliases for the needed parts. You start a production rule with the “=>” symbol. The production rule above is interpreted as follows: “When the syntax rule Charges is matched, output RentCharge, and within “{}”, output the production of ChargeName, followed by a comma and then the value of ChargeBody”.

The whole syntax, with the production rules that formulate the desired output is given below:
 

The best thing to do to understand the above is omit some production rules and experiment with the result. The grammar above, augmented with the production rules produces for the following input:
 

The following output:

This is now in a form that can be more easily processed. And we will do exactly that using a program we will write in C#.

The grammar for English can be downloaded here and for Greek here.